Peptides

BPC-157

is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects

TB-500

is studied for enhancing musculoskeletal and cardiac repair, wound healing, and promoting cell migration and differentiation via actin cytoskeleton remodeling

GHK-Cu

acts as a tissue-remodeling and wound-healing signal, enhancing skin regeneration, angiogenesis, and repair while reducing inflammation and oxidative damage in experimental models

Thymosin Beta-4

promotes wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration in preclinical models via effects on cytoskeleton dynamics, cell migration, and anti-apoptotic pathways

Thymosin Alpha-1

is clinically used in some countries as an immunomodulator for chronic hepatitis B/C and as an adjuvant in cancer therapy, enhancing cell-mediated immunity

LL-37

acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide involved in host defense and wound repair, but can also promote inflammation and cancer cell proliferation in some contexts

KPV

is investigated as an anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective agent in skin and mucosal models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair

Humanin

exerts neuroprotective and cytoprotective effects in models of Alzheimer’s disease, ischemia, and metabolic stress, reducing apoptosis and improving cell survival

MOTS-c

improves insulin sensitivity, enhances glycolysis, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of metabolic syndrome, aging, and ischemia-reperfusion injury

AOD-9604

is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials

CJC-1295

is used in research to chronically elevate endogenous growth hormone and IGF-1 levels, enabling studies of body composition, metabolic, and anti-aging effects of prolonged GH exposure

Ipamorelin

is investigated for producing moderate, physiologic-like GH pulses useful for studying anabolic, body-composition, and recovery effects with a relatively clean endocrine side-effect profile compared with earlier GHRPs

Sermorelin

is used as a diagnostic agent for assessing GH secretory capacity and as a research tool or off-label therapy to increase endogenous GH in GH-deficient or age-related contexts

Tesamorelin

is FDA-approved to reduce excess visceral adipose tissue in HIV-associated lipodystrophy and is studied for broader body-composition, NAFLD, and cognitive effects via GH/IGF-1 axis modulation

GHRP-2

is used in research to induce robust GH pulses and study anabolic and metabolic effects; clinically developed as pralmorelin for GH deficiency diagnostics

GHRP-6

is used experimentally to produce strong GH surges and hyperphagia, allowing investigation of GH-dependent anabolism and energy-balance regulation

Hexarelin

is investigated for effects on GH secretion, cardiac protection, and muscle metabolism, with higher GH secretory potency than earlier GHRPs

PEG-MGF

is used experimentally to enhance muscle repair and hypertrophy after mechanical overload or injury by stimulating satellite-cell activation and protein synthesis

MGF

is upregulated in muscle after mechanical overload, where it supports tissue repair and growth; recombinant forms are studied for regenerative and performance-enhancement effects

Semaglutide

is approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, significantly lowering HbA1c and body weight by modulating incretin pathways

Tirzepatide

is approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity, producing larger HbA1c and body-weight reductions than semaglutide in head-to-head trials

Retatrutide

is an investigational agent that produces very large body-weight reductions in early trials by simultaneously engaging GLP-1R, GIPR, and GCGR to enhance satiety, energy expenditure, and glycemic control

Liraglutide

is approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management, improving glycemic control and inducing weight loss through GLP-1–mediated insulinotropic, glucagonostatic, and appetite-suppressing actions

Exenatide

is used for type 2 diabetes treatment to improve glycemic control and modestly reduce body weight through GLP-1–like insulinotropic and glucagonostatic effects

Dulaglutide

is a once-weekly GLP-1RA for type 2 diabetes that lowers HbA1c and body weight by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reducing appetite

Setmelanotide

is approved for chronic weight management in patients with POMC, PCSK1, LEPR deficiencies and Bardet–Biedl syndrome by reducing hunger and promoting weight loss

PT-141

is FDA-approved for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women and is studied for sexual dysfunction in other populations, increasing sexual desire via CNS melanocortin pathways

Kisspeptin

is a key regulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, controlling puberty and fertility; kisspeptin-10 also inhibits trophoblast invasion and tumor metastasis in experimental models

Melanotan I

is approved in some regions for prevention of phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria and is studied as a skin-darkening, photoprotective peptide

Melanotan II

is studied as a tanning and libido-enhancing agent; increases melanin production and can reduce food intake and modulate sexual arousal in animal models and humans

Epitalon

is reported to increase lifespan and reduce tumor incidence in animals, and to influence differentiation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells; is studied as an epigenetic regulatory peptide

SS-31

improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders

FOXO4-DRI

acts as a senolytic in preclinical models by promoting apoptosis of senescent cells, improving tissue function and healthspan measures in aged animals

Selank

is a peptide developed in Russia as an anxiolytic and nootropic; in animal models it reduces anxiety-like behavior and modulates immune parameters under stress

Semax

is used clinically in Russia for ischemic stroke and cognitive disorders; in models it improves learning, protects dopaminergic neurons, and modulates stress responses without significant endocrine ACTH-like effects

DSIP

was originally described for inducing spindle and delta sleep activity when infused into the brain of rabbits; later studies report stress-modulating and endocrine effects, though its physiological role is still debated

Matrixyl

is a widely used cosmetic peptide with evidence of stimulating extracellular matrix synthesis and reducing wrinkle appearance in skin-care formulations

Argireline

is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner

Snap-8

is a cosmetic peptide studied for reducing wrinkle depth by inhibiting synaptic vesicle fusion and subsequent muscle contraction in facial expression muscles

Acetyl tetrapeptide-5

is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation