Peptide mechanisms

Signaling modulators

Browse peptides grouped under this structured mechanism class.

15 amino acids

BPC-157

is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects

7 amino acids

TB-500

is studied for enhancing musculoskeletal and cardiac repair, wound healing, and promoting cell migration and differentiation via actin cytoskeleton remodeling

3 amino acids

GHK-Cu

acts as a tissue-remodeling and wound-healing signal, enhancing skin regeneration, angiogenesis, and repair while reducing inflammation and oxidative damage in experimental models

43 amino acids

Thymosin Beta-4

promotes wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration in preclinical models via effects on cytoskeleton dynamics, cell migration, and anti-apoptotic pathways

28 amino acids

Thymosin Alpha-1

is clinically used in some countries as an immunomodulator for chronic hepatitis B/C and as an adjuvant in cancer therapy, enhancing cell-mediated immunity

37 amino acids

LL-37

acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide involved in host defense and wound repair, but can also promote inflammation and cancer cell proliferation in some contexts

3 amino acids

KPV

is investigated as an anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective agent in skin and mucosal models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair

24 amino acids

Humanin

exerts neuroprotective and cytoprotective effects in models of Alzheimer’s disease, ischemia, and metabolic stress, reducing apoptosis and improving cell survival

24 amino acids

PEG-MGF

is used experimentally to enhance muscle repair and hypertrophy after mechanical overload or injury by stimulating satellite-cell activation and protein synthesis

24 amino acids

MGF

is upregulated in muscle after mechanical overload, where it supports tissue repair and growth; recombinant forms are studied for regenerative and performance-enhancement effects

7 amino acids

is FDA-approved for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women and is studied for sexual dysfunction in other populations, increasing sexual desire via CNS melanocortin pathways

4 amino acids

Epitalon

is reported to increase lifespan and reduce tumor incidence in animals, and to influence differentiation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells; is studied as an epigenetic regulatory peptide

4 amino acids

SS-31

improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders

7 amino acids

Selank

is a peptide developed in Russia as an anxiolytic and nootropic; in animal models it reduces anxiety-like behavior and modulates immune parameters under stress

7 amino acids

Semax

is used clinically in Russia for ischemic stroke and cognitive disorders; in models it improves learning, protects dopaminergic neurons, and modulates stress responses without significant endocrine ACTH-like effects

4 amino acids

Acetyl tetrapeptide-5

is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation