Comparison
While SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137, Thymosin Alpha-1 is clinically used in some countries as an immunomodulator for chronic hepatitis B/C and as an adjuvant in cancer therapy, enhancing cell-mediated immunity41487.
While SS-31 works as a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143, Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid thymic peptide fragment of prothymosin alpha that activates dendritic cells and T cells primarily via TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling, enhancing Th1 responses and NK-cell cytotoxicity414.
SS-31 is 4 amino acids long, whereas Thymosin Alpha-1 is longer as it has a length of 28 amino acids. SS-31 is made up of a sequence of Arginine, dimethylTyr, Lysine, Phenylalanine. Thymosin Alpha-1 is made up of a sequence of Serine, Aspartic acid, Alanine, Alanine, Valine, Aspartic acid, Threonine, Serine, Serine, Glutamic acid, Isoleucine, Threonine, Threonine, Lysine, Aspartic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Lysine, Glutamic acid, Valine, Valine, Glutamic acid, Glutamic acid, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Asparagine.
SS-31
Thymosin Alpha-1
Toll-like receptors, predominantly TLR9 (and also TLR2/TLR3) on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and other immune cells4
SS-31
Not assigned in the current dataset.
Thymosin Alpha-1
PTMA
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.