Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While PT-141 is FDA-approved for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women and is studied for sexual dysfunction in other populations, increasing sexual desire via CNS melanocortin pathways42101, SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137.
While PT-141 works as the synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide, an analog of α-MSH that activates central MC3R and MC4R to modulate neuronal circuits governing sexual desire and arousal3242101, SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143.
PT-141
POMC
SS-31
Not assigned in the current dataset.
The clearest overlap between PT-141 and SS-31 is that both converge around Signaling modulator. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: PT-141 is more often discussed in the realm of Reproductive health, whereas SS-31 is more often associated with the realm of Aging and longevity and Cardiovascular health. Both appear to work through Signaling modulator, but the functional emphasis still separates, with PT-141 leaning toward and SS-31 leaning toward Mitochondrial function modulation, Antioxidant activity, and Neuroprotection and cognition. PT-141 has a more synthetic analog origin, while SS-31 is closer to synthetic design background and their development context also differs, with PT-141 approved while SS-31 is in Clinical phase 2. PT-141 takes the form of a cyclic peptide, whereas SS-31 is closer to a linear peptide, PT-141 carries acetylation features, while SS-31 instead reflects d-amino acid substitution and amidation changes; while their sequence patterns also diverge, with PT-141 showing protein-mimetic sequence features and SS-31 showing cationic amphipathic features.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.