Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While PEG-MGF is used experimentally to enhance muscle repair and hypertrophy after mechanical overload or injury by stimulating satellite-cell activation and protein synthesis6373138, SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137.
While PEG-MGF works as a poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated form of Mechano Growth Factor (IGF-1Ec splice variant) comprising the 24-aa C-terminal E-peptide of IGF-1, designed to extend half-life while activating IGF-1 receptor–mediated anabolic signaling in muscle satellite cells637322138, SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143.
PEG-MGF
IGF1
SS-31
Not assigned in the current dataset.
The clearest overlap between PEG-MGF and SS-31 is that both converge around Signaling modulator. Both are often discussed in Cardiovascular health contexts, while PEG-MGF is more of a signal peptide and SS-31 is better described as a mitochondrial peptide. Both appear to work through Signaling modulator, but the functional emphasis still separates, with PEG-MGF leaning toward Anabolic growth and Tissue repair and healing and SS-31 leaning toward Mitochondrial function modulation, Antioxidant activity, and Neuroprotection and cognition. PEG-MGF has a more synthetic analog origin, while SS-31 is closer to synthetic design background with PEG-MGF in Preclinical development and SS-31 in Clinical phase 2. PEG-MGF takes the form of a peptide conjugate, whereas SS-31 is closer to a linear peptide, PEG-MGF carries pegylation features, while SS-31 instead reflects d-amino acid substitution and amidation changes; while their sequence patterns also diverge, with PEG-MGF showing protein-mimetic sequence features and SS-31 showing cationic amphipathic features.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.