Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While MGF is upregulated in muscle after mechanical overload, where it supports tissue repair and growth; recombinant forms are studied for regenerative and performance-enhancement effects22138, SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137.
While MGF works as a 24-amino-acid E-peptide splice variant of IGF-1 (IGF-1Ec) produced in mechanically stressed or damaged muscle that activates IGF1R and local anabolic pathways involved in muscle repair and hypertrophy22138144, SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143.
MGF
IGF1
SS-31
Not assigned in the current dataset.
The clearest overlap between MGF and SS-31 is that both converge around Signaling modulator. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: MGF is more often discussed in the realm of Musculoskeletal health, whereas SS-31 is more often associated with the realm of Aging and longevity and Cardiovascular health. Both appear to work through Signaling modulator, but the functional emphasis still separates, with MGF leaning toward Anabolic growth and Tissue repair and healing and SS-31 leaning toward Mitochondrial function modulation, Antioxidant activity, and Neuroprotection and cognition. MGF has a more natural endogenous origin, while SS-31 is closer to synthetic design background with MGF in Preclinical development and SS-31 in Clinical phase 2. SS-31 incorporates d-amino acid substitution and amidation features that are not part of MGF, while their sequence patterns also diverge, with MGF showing protein-mimetic sequence features and SS-31 showing cationic amphipathic features.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.