Function
While Melanotan II is studied as a tanning and libido-enhancing agent; increases melanin production and can reduce food intake and modulate sexual arousal in animal models and humans3545, SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137.
Mechanism
While Melanotan II works as a cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin analog (Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2) that acts as a non-selective, high-potency agonist at MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R, influencing pigmentation, appetite, and sexual behavior3545, SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143.
Length and Sequence
Melanotan II is 7 amino acids long, whereas SS-31 is shorter as it has a length of 4 amino acids. Melanotan II is made up of a sequence of Nle, Aspartic acid, Histidine, Phenylalanine, Arginine, Tryptophan, Lysine. SS-31 is made up of a sequence of Arginine, dimethylTyr, Lysine, Phenylalanine.