Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While KPV is investigated as an anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective agent in skin and mucosal models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair684, Setmelanotide is approved for chronic weight management in patients with POMC, PCSK1, LEPR deficiencies and Bardet–Biedl syndrome by reducing hunger and promoting weight loss92.
While KPV works as the C-terminal Lys-Pro-Val tripeptide fragment of α-MSH, which exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects largely via inhibition of NF-κB signaling and modulation of cytokine expression, with many actions independent of classical melanocortin receptor activation684, Setmelanotide is a potent synthetic melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist derived from a POMC/α-MSH–related sequence that restores downstream MC4R signaling in genetic obesity syndromes3192100.
KPV
POMC
Setmelanotide
POMC
KPV and Setmelanotide sit closest together within the Melanocortin family, which gives them a broadly related biological identity. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: KPV is more often discussed in the realm of Immunology and inflammation, Gastroenterology, and Dermatology and aesthetics, whereas Setmelanotide is more often associated with the realm of Metabolic and endocrine. Their biological logic is quite different: KPV is a signaling modulator and a gene expression modulator, whereas Setmelanotide is a receptor agonist. KPV has a more natural endogenous origin, while Setmelanotide is closer to synthetic design background and their development context also differs, with KPV in Preclinical development while Setmelanotide is approved. KPV takes the form of a linear peptide, whereas Setmelanotide is closer to a cyclic peptide, while Setmelanotide incorporates d-amino acid substitution features that are not part of KPV.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.