Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While KPV is investigated as an anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective agent in skin and mucosal models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair684, PT-141 is FDA-approved for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women and is studied for sexual dysfunction in other populations, increasing sexual desire via CNS melanocortin pathways42101.
While KPV works as the C-terminal Lys-Pro-Val tripeptide fragment of α-MSH, which exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects largely via inhibition of NF-κB signaling and modulation of cytokine expression, with many actions independent of classical melanocortin receptor activation684, PT-141 is the synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide, an analog of α-MSH that activates central MC3R and MC4R to modulate neuronal circuits governing sexual desire and arousal3242101.
KPV
POMC
PT-141
POMC
KPV and PT-141 sit closest together within the Melanocortin family, which gives them a broadly related biological identity. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: KPV is more often discussed in the realm of Immunology and inflammation, Gastroenterology, and Dermatology and aesthetics, whereas PT-141 is more often associated with the realm of Reproductive health. Both appear to work through Signaling modulator, but the functional emphasis still separates, with KPV leaning toward Anti-inflammatory and Immune regulation and PT-141 leaning toward . KPV has a more natural endogenous origin, while PT-141 is closer to synthetic analog background and their development context also differs, with KPV in Preclinical development while PT-141 is approved. KPV takes the form of a linear peptide, whereas PT-141 is closer to a cyclic peptide, while PT-141 incorporates acetylation features that are not part of KPV.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.