Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While KPV is investigated as an anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective agent in skin and mucosal models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair684, MGF is upregulated in muscle after mechanical overload, where it supports tissue repair and growth; recombinant forms are studied for regenerative and performance-enhancement effects22138.
While KPV works as the C-terminal Lys-Pro-Val tripeptide fragment of α-MSH, which exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects largely via inhibition of NF-κB signaling and modulation of cytokine expression, with many actions independent of classical melanocortin receptor activation684, MGF is a 24-amino-acid E-peptide splice variant of IGF-1 (IGF-1Ec) produced in mechanically stressed or damaged muscle that activates IGF1R and local anabolic pathways involved in muscle repair and hypertrophy22138144.
KPV
POMC
MGF
IGF1
Both peptides fall into a similar broad context as Signal peptides, although the details of how they are used and discussed still diverge. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: KPV is more often discussed in the realm of Immunology and inflammation, Gastroenterology, and Dermatology and aesthetics, whereas MGF is more often associated with the realm of Musculoskeletal health. Both appear to work through Signaling modulator, but the functional emphasis still separates, with KPV leaning toward Anti-inflammatory and Immune regulation and MGF leaning toward Anabolic growth and Tissue repair and healing. Both come from biologically derived origins and both are still best understood as being in Preclinical development. Their usual administration context is also different, with KPV more often associated with topical / transdermal, subcutaneous injection, and oral delivery and MGF with intramuscular injection.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.