Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While Humanin exerts neuroprotective and cytoprotective effects in models of Alzheimer’s disease, ischemia, and metabolic stress, reducing apoptosis and improving cell survival7136141, PT-141 is FDA-approved for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women and is studied for sexual dysfunction in other populations, increasing sexual desire via CNS melanocortin pathways42101.
While Humanin works as a mitochondrial-derived 24-amino-acid peptide that protects cells against diverse apoptotic insults by interacting with cell-surface cytokine receptor complexes and intracellular targets, thereby activating pro-survival STAT3 and other pathways7136141, PT-141 is the synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide, an analog of α-MSH that activates central MC3R and MC4R to modulate neuronal circuits governing sexual desire and arousal3242101.
Humanin
MT-RNR2
PT-141
POMC
Both peptides fall into a similar broad context as Neuropeptides, although the details of how they are used and discussed still diverge. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: Humanin is more often discussed in the realm of Neurology and brain health, Aging and longevity, and Cardiovascular health, whereas PT-141 is more often associated with the realm of Reproductive health. Mechanistically, both point toward Signaling modulator and converge on GPCR receptor, although the downstream emphasis is not identical. Humanin has a more mitochondrial-encoded origin, while PT-141 is closer to synthetic analog background and their development context also differs, with Humanin in Preclinical development while PT-141 is approved. Humanin takes the form of a linear peptide, whereas PT-141 is closer to a cyclic peptide, PT-141 incorporates acetylation features that are not part of Humanin; while their sequence patterns also diverge, with Humanin showing alpha-helical domain features and PT-141 showing protein-mimetic sequence features.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.