Comparison

Epitalon vs SS-31

Function

While Epitalon is reported to increase lifespan and reduce tumor incidence in animals, and to influence differentiation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells; is studied as an epigenetic regulatory peptide36, SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137.

Mechanism

While Epitalon works as a synthetic tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG), that has been shown to bind histones and modulate gene expression and chromatin state, with reported effects on pineal function, neurogenesis, and longevity in animal models36, SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143.

Length and Sequence

Epitalon is 4 amino acids long, whereas SS-31 is the same length as it has a length of 4 amino acids. Epitalon is made up of a sequence of Alanine, Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Glycine. SS-31 is made up of a sequence of Arginine, dimethylTyr, Lysine, Phenylalanine.

Receptor

Epitalon

Binds nuclear histone proteins (H1, H2B, H3, H4) rather than a classic membrane receptor36

SS-31

Cardiolipin-rich inner mitochondrial membrane; interacts with cardiolipin and associated mitochondrial proteins rather than a classical cell-surface receptor46137143

Organism or Origin

Epitalon

Synthetic peptide modeled after a pineal gland peptide fraction; not directly encoded as a standalone peptide in humans36

SS-31

Fully synthetic Szeto–Schiller tetrapeptide; not encoded in the genome4637

Gene

Epitalon

Not assigned in the current dataset.

SS-31

Not assigned in the current dataset.

Related articles

No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.

Sources

36AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein ..., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7037223/
46Discovery of novel SS-31 (d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2 ... - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11409442/
56Discovery of novel SS-31 (d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2 ..., https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/ra/d4ra05517a
137Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31 | PNAS, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2002250117
143SS-31 Peptide: Mitochondrial Repair for Energy and Longevity, https://revolutionhealth.org/blogs/news/peptide-therapy-ss-31