Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While Epitalon is reported to increase lifespan and reduce tumor incidence in animals, and to influence differentiation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells; is studied as an epigenetic regulatory peptide36, MGF is upregulated in muscle after mechanical overload, where it supports tissue repair and growth; recombinant forms are studied for regenerative and performance-enhancement effects22138.
While Epitalon works as a synthetic tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG), that has been shown to bind histones and modulate gene expression and chromatin state, with reported effects on pineal function, neurogenesis, and longevity in animal models36, MGF is a 24-amino-acid E-peptide splice variant of IGF-1 (IGF-1Ec) produced in mechanically stressed or damaged muscle that activates IGF1R and local anabolic pathways involved in muscle repair and hypertrophy22138144.
Epitalon
Not assigned in the current dataset.
MGF
IGF1
Both peptides fall into a similar broad context as Signal peptides, although the details of how they are used and discussed still diverge. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: Epitalon is more often discussed in the realm of Aging and longevity, whereas MGF is more often associated with the realm of Musculoskeletal health. Both appear to work through Signaling modulator, but the functional emphasis still separates, with Epitalon leaning toward Mitochondrial function modulation and Antioxidant activity and MGF leaning toward Anabolic growth and Tissue repair and healing. Epitalon has a more synthetic analog origin, while MGF is closer to natural endogenous background with Epitalon approved for Research use only and MGF in Preclinical development. Their usual administration context is also different, with Epitalon more often associated with subcutaneous injection and intranasal delivery and MGF with intramuscular injection.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.