Peptable

Acetyl tetrapeptide-5

is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation

Peptide

Alanine

Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge

Amino acid

AOD-9604

is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials

Peptide

Arginine

Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge

Amino acid

Argireline

is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner

Peptide

Asparagine

Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge

Amino acid

Aspartic acid

Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge

Amino acid

BPC-157

is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects

Peptide

Comparison

Epitalon vs FOXO4-DRI

Also see:

EpitalonFOXO4-DRI

Function

While Epitalon is reported to increase lifespan and reduce tumor incidence in animals, and to influence differentiation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells; is studied as an epigenetic regulatory peptide36, FOXO4-DRI acts as a senolytic in preclinical models by promoting apoptosis of senescent cells, improving tissue function and healthspan measures in aged animals38.

Mechanism

While Epitalon works as a synthetic tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG), that has been shown to bind histones and modulate gene expression and chromatin state, with reported effects on pineal function, neurogenesis, and longevity in animal models36, FOXO4-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide derived from a FOXO4 region that competes with endogenous FOXO4 for binding to p53, thereby releasing p53 to trigger apoptosis selectively in senescent cells38.

Receptor

Epitalon

Binds nuclear histone proteins (H1, H2B, H3, H4) rather than a classic membrane receptor36

FOXO4-DRI

Intracellular target is the FOXO4–p53 protein–protein interaction interface; it does not signal via a traditional cell-surface receptor38

Organism or Origin

Epitalon

Synthetic peptide modeled after a pineal gland peptide fraction; not directly encoded as a standalone peptide in humans36

FOXO4-DRI

Synthetic peptide based on human FOXO4 transcription factor3898

Gene

Epitalon

Not assigned in the current dataset.

FOXO4-DRI

FOXO4

Summary

Epitalon and FOXO4-DRI are noticeably different, with limited direct overlap in their usual biological context. Both are often discussed in Aging and longevity contexts, while Epitalon is more of a neuropeptide and Signal peptide and FOXO4-DRI is better described as a senolytic peptide. Their biological logic is quite different: Epitalon is a signaling modulator and a gene expression modulator, whereas FOXO4-DRI is a protein interaction inhibitor. Epitalon has a more synthetic analog origin, while FOXO4-DRI is closer to synthetic design background with Epitalon approved for Research use only and FOXO4-DRI in Preclinical development. FOXO4-DRI incorporates retro-inverso isomerization features that are not part of Epitalon.

Related articles

No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.