Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While DSIP was originally described for inducing spindle and delta sleep activity when infused into the brain of rabbits; later studies report stress-modulating and endocrine effects, though its physiological role is still debated47, Humanin exerts neuroprotective and cytoprotective effects in models of Alzheimer’s disease, ischemia, and metabolic stress, reducing apoptosis and improving cell survival7136141.
While DSIP works as an endogenous nonapeptide, Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu, with proposed neuromodulatory actions; it interacts with components of the MAPK cascade and may be related to glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), but its precise biosynthetic origin remains unknown4757, Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived 24-amino-acid peptide that protects cells against diverse apoptotic insults by interacting with cell-surface cytokine receptor complexes and intracellular targets, thereby activating pro-survival STAT3 and other pathways7136141.
DSIP
Not assigned in the current dataset.
Humanin
MT-RNR2
Both peptides fall into a similar broad context as Neuropeptides, although the details of how they are used and discussed still diverge. Both are often discussed in Neurology and brain health contexts, while DSIP is more of a neuropeptide and Humanin is better described as a mitochondrial peptide. Their biological logic is quite different: DSIP is a neurotransmitter modulator, whereas Humanin is a signaling modulator. DSIP has a more natural endogenous origin, while Humanin is closer to mitochondrial-encoded background with DSIP approved for Research use only and Humanin in Preclinical development. They are also usually discussed through the same administration routes, namely subcutaneous injection and intravenous infusion.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.