Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137, Tirzepatide is approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity, producing larger HbA1c and body-weight reductions than semaglutide in head-to-head trials24.
While SS-31 works as a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143, Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide primarily based on GIP sequence with C20 fatty diacid conjugation that acts as a dual agonist at GIP and GLP-1 receptors, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing appetite24.
SS-31
Not assigned in the current dataset.
Tirzepatide
Not assigned in the current dataset.
SS-31 and Tirzepatide are noticeably different, with limited direct overlap in their usual biological context. Both are often discussed in Cardiovascular health contexts, while SS-31 is more of a mitochondrial peptide and Tirzepatide is better described as a metabolic peptide and Hormone peptide. They also influence different molecular systems, with SS-31 tracking more closely to Mitochondrial membrane while Tirzepatide centers more on GLP-1 receptor. SS-31 has a more synthetic design origin, while Tirzepatide is closer to synthetic analog background and their development context also differs, with SS-31 in Clinical phase 2 while Tirzepatide is approved. SS-31 takes the form of a linear peptide, whereas Tirzepatide is closer to a peptide conjugate, while their sequence patterns also diverge, with SS-31 showing cationic amphipathic features and Tirzepatide showing alpha-helical domain features.