Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While Semax is used clinically in Russia for ischemic stroke and cognitive disorders; in models it improves learning, protects dopaminergic neurons, and modulates stress responses without significant endocrine ACTH-like effects166174, Tirzepatide is approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity, producing larger HbA1c and body-weight reductions than semaglutide in head-to-head trials24.
While Semax works as a synthetic heptapeptide, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro (MEHFPGP), that is an analog of ACTH(4–10) with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension and exerts neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions partly via upregulation of BDNF and modulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems40162165174, Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide primarily based on GIP sequence with C20 fatty diacid conjugation that acts as a dual agonist at GIP and GLP-1 receptors, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing appetite24.
Semax
POMC
Tirzepatide
Not assigned in the current dataset.
Semax and Tirzepatide are noticeably different, with limited direct overlap in their usual biological context. Their typical research and application settings separate fairly clearly: Semax is more often discussed in the realm of Neurology and brain health and Ophthalmology, whereas Tirzepatide is more often associated with the realm of Metabolic and endocrine and Cardiovascular health. They also influence different molecular systems, with Semax tracking more closely to GPCR receptor while Tirzepatide centers more on GLP-1 receptor. Both are synthetic in origin and their development context also differs, with Semax approved for Research use only while Tirzepatide is approved. Semax takes the form of a linear peptide, whereas Tirzepatide is closer to a peptide conjugate, while Tirzepatide incorporates lipidation and d-amino acid substitution features that are not part of Semax.