Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While Semaglutide is approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, significantly lowering HbA1c and body weight by modulating incretin pathways232480, SS-31 improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and other mitochondrial disorders4637137.
While Semaglutide works as a modified GLP-1(7–37) analog with three key changes—Ala8→Aib, Lys26 acylated with a C18 fatty diacid, and Lys34→Arg—resulting in a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite23647480, SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae structure, improving electron transport, and reducing ROS production4637137143.
Semaglutide
GCG
SS-31
Not assigned in the current dataset.
Semaglutide and SS-31 are noticeably different, with limited direct overlap in their usual biological context. Both are often discussed in Cardiovascular health contexts, while Semaglutide is more of a metabolic peptide and Hormone peptide and SS-31 is better described as a mitochondrial peptide. They also influence different molecular systems, with Semaglutide tracking more closely to GLP-1 receptor while SS-31 centers more on Mitochondrial membrane. Semaglutide has a more synthetic analog origin, while SS-31 is closer to synthetic design background and their development context also differs, with Semaglutide approved while SS-31 is in Clinical phase 2. Semaglutide takes the form of a peptide conjugate, whereas SS-31 is closer to a linear peptide, Semaglutide carries lipidation features, while SS-31 instead reflects d-amino acid substitution and amidation changes; while their sequence patterns also diverge, with Semaglutide showing alpha-helical domain features and SS-31 showing cationic amphipathic features.