Comparison

LL-37 vs Semaglutide

Function

While LL-37 acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide involved in host defense and wound repair, but can also promote inflammation and cancer cell proliferation in some contexts5215, Semaglutide is approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, significantly lowering HbA1c and body weight by modulating incretin pathways232480.

Mechanism

While LL-37 works as a cationic amphipathic 37-amino-acid cathelicidin peptide generated from hCAP18 that disrupts microbial membranes and modulates innate immunity, including chemotaxis, cytokine induction, and NET formation521586, Semaglutide is a modified GLP-1(7–37) analog with three key changes—Ala8→Aib, Lys26 acylated with a C18 fatty diacid, and Lys34→Arg—resulting in a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite23647480.

Length and Sequence

LL-37 is 37 amino acids long, whereas Semaglutide is shorter as it has a length of 31 amino acids. LL-37 is made up of a sequence of Leucine, Leucine, Glycine, Aspartic acid, Phenylalanine, Phenylalanine, Arginine, Lysine, Serine, Lysine, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Isoleucine, Glycine, Lysine, Glutamic acid, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Arginine, Isoleucine, Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Aspartic acid, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Arginine, Asparagine, Leucine, Valine, Proline, Arginine, Threonine, Glutamic acid, Serine. Semaglutide is made up of a sequence of sequence data not available in the current dataset.

Receptor

LL-37

Functions as a ligand for CXCR2 on neutrophils and other myeloid cells; LL-37 signaling has also been linked to FPR2 and P2X7 in various cell types515

Semaglutide

GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) on pancreatic β-cells and other tissues2380

Organism or Origin

LL-37

Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide generated from the CAP-18 precursor5286

Semaglutide

Synthetic analog of human GLP-1 derived from proglucagon648089

Gene

LL-37

CAMP

Semaglutide

GCG

Sources

52Cathelicidin LL-37: A new important molecule in the ... - PMC - NIH, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7388365/
86Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide - Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathelicidin_antimicrobial_peptide
23Semaglutide (GLP-1 Receptor Agonist) — Mechanism, Research ..., https://orynxpeptides.com/de/peptides/encyclopedia/semaglutide
24Tirzepatide - a dual GIP and GLP-1 (GLP1) receptor agonist, https://gpnotebook.com/pages/diabetes-and-endocrinology/tirzepatide-a-dual-gip-and-glp-1-glp1-receptor-agonist
64Semaglutide Structure & Chemistry: Molecular Details | The ..., https://www.thejops.com/peptides/semaglutide/chemistry.html
74Drug Interactions And Side..., https://pdb101.rcsb.org/global-health/diabetes-mellitus/drugs/incretins/drug/semaglutide/semaglutide
80GLP-1 Localisation and Proglucagon Gene Expression in ..., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6200298/
89Gene, https://maayanlab.cloud/Harmonizome/gene/GCG