Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While Epitalon is reported to increase lifespan and reduce tumor incidence in animals, and to influence differentiation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells; is studied as an epigenetic regulatory peptide36, MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity, enhances glycolysis, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of metabolic syndrome, aging, and ischemia-reperfusion injury8135146.
While Epitalon works as a synthetic tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG), that has been shown to bind histones and modulate gene expression and chromatin state, with reported effects on pineal function, neurogenesis, and longevity in animal models36, MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide that translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism largely via activation of AMPK and modulation of mTOR and folate-cycle–linked pathways854140146.
Epitalon
Not assigned in the current dataset.
MOTS-c
MT-RNR1
The clearest overlap between Epitalon and MOTS-c is that both converge around Gene expression modulator. Both are often discussed in Aging and longevity contexts, while Epitalon is more of a neuropeptide and Signal peptide and MOTS-c is better described as a mitochondrial peptide and Metabolic peptide. Both appear to work through Gene expression modulator, but the functional emphasis still separates, with Epitalon leaning toward Antioxidant activity and MOTS-c leaning toward Metabolic regulation. Epitalon has a more synthetic analog origin, while MOTS-c is closer to mitochondrial-encoded background with Epitalon approved for Research use only and MOTS-c in Preclinical development. They share some route overlap through subcutaneous injection, while the remaining routes diverge.
No related articles are linked to these peptides yet.