Acetyl tetrapeptide-5
is used in cosmetic eye formulations to decrease puffiness, eye bags, and dark circles by reducing edema and protecting proteins such as SOD from glycation
Alanine
Ala / A · hydrophobic residue · neutral charge
AOD-9604
is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials
Arginine
Arg / R · basic residue · positive charge
Argireline
is a topical cosmetic peptide reported to decrease dynamic wrinkles by partially mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin in a non-invasive manner
Asparagine
Asn / N · polar residue · neutral charge
Aspartic acid
Asp / D · acidic residue · negative charge
BPC-157
is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects
Comparison
While CJC-1295 is used in research to chronically elevate endogenous growth hormone and IGF-1 levels, enabling studies of body composition, metabolic, and anti-aging effects of prolonged GH exposure10, MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity, enhances glycolysis, reduces oxidative stress, and shows protective effects in models of metabolic syndrome, aging, and ischemia-reperfusion injury8135146.
While CJC-1295 works as a tetrasubstituted 29-amino-acid analog of GHRH(1–29) that acts as a potent agonist at the GHRH receptor and, in its DAC form, covalently binds serum albumin to extend half-life from minutes to days, resulting in sustained pulsatile GH and IGF-1 increase1082, MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide that translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism largely via activation of AMPK and modulation of mTOR and folate-cycle–linked pathways854140146.
CJC-1295
GHRH
MOTS-c
MT-RNR1
CJC-1295 and MOTS-c are noticeably different, with limited direct overlap in their usual biological context. Both are often discussed in Metabolic and endocrine and Aging and longevity contexts, while CJC-1295 is more of a hormone peptide and MOTS-c is better described as a mitochondrial peptide and Metabolic peptide. They also influence different molecular systems, with CJC-1295 tracking more closely to Growth hormone axis while MOTS-c centers more on Mitochondrial membrane. CJC-1295 has a more synthetic analog origin, while MOTS-c is closer to mitochondrial-encoded background and both are still best understood as being in Preclinical development. CJC-1295 takes the form of a peptide conjugate, whereas MOTS-c is closer to a linear peptide, CJC-1295 incorporates d-amino acid substitution features that are not part of MOTS-c; while their sequence patterns also diverge, with CJC-1295 showing alpha-helical domain features and MOTS-c showing hydrophobic domain features.