Comparison

BPC-157 vs LL-37

Function

While BPC-157 is investigated for accelerating healing of gastrointestinal mucosa, tendons, ligaments, bone, and nervous tissue in preclinical models, with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects1 11, LL-37 acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide involved in host defense and wound repair, but can also promote inflammation and cancer cell proliferation in some contexts52 15.

Mechanism

While BPC-157 works as a synthetic 15-amino-acid fragment of a gastric cytoprotective protein that promotes angiogenesis and tissue protection primarily by modulating VEGFR2 signaling, Src/caveolin-1–dependent eNOS activation, and nitric oxide production1 11, LL-37 is a cationic amphipathic 37-amino-acid cathelicidin peptide generated from hCAP18 that disrupts microbial membranes and modulates innate immunity, including chemotaxis, cytokine induction, and NET formation52 15 86.

Length and Sequence

BPC-157 is 15 amino acids long, whereas LL-37 is longer as it has a length of 37 amino acids. BPC-157 is made up of a sequence of Glycine, Glutamic acid, Proline, Proline, Proline, Glycine, Lysine, Proline, Alanine, Aspartic acid, Aspartic acid, Alanine, Glycine, Leucine, Valine. LL-37 is made up of a sequence of Leucine, Leucine, Glycine, Aspartic acid, Phenylalanine, Phenylalanine, Arginine, Lysine, Serine, Lysine, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Isoleucine, Glycine, Lysine, Glutamic acid, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Arginine, Isoleucine, Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Aspartic acid, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Arginine, Asparagine, Leucine, Valine, Proline, Arginine, Threonine, Glutamic acid, Serine.

Receptor

BPC-157

VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) on endothelial cells, with downstream eNOS and nitric-oxide–mediated signaling11

LL-37

Functions as a ligand for CXCR2 on neutrophils and other myeloid cells; LL-37 signaling has also been linked to FPR2 and P2X7 in various cell types5 15