Function
While AOD-9604 is studied as an anti-obesity peptide that can reduce weight gain and increase fat oxidation in obese animal models with generally neutral effects on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in early human trials71111115, KPV is investigated as an anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective agent in skin and mucosal models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair684.
Mechanism
While AOD-9604 works as a synthetic fragment of human growth hormone corresponding to residues 176–191 with an added N-terminal tyrosine, retaining lipolytic but not growth-promoting actions; proposed to stimulate lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis in adipose tissue, partly via β3-adrenergic pathways without significantly activating the full GH receptor–IGF-1 axis6171111, KPV is the C-terminal Lys-Pro-Val tripeptide fragment of α-MSH, which exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects largely via inhibition of NF-κB signaling and modulation of cytokine expression, with many actions independent of classical melanocortin receptor activation684.
Length and Sequence
AOD-9604 is 16 amino acids long, whereas KPV is shorter as it has a length of 3 amino acids. AOD-9604 is made up of a sequence of Tyrosine, Leucine, Arginine, Isoleucine, Valine, Glutamine, Cysteine, Arginine, Serine, Valine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Serine, Cysteine, Glycine, Phenylalanine. KPV is made up of a sequence of Lysine, Proline, Valine.